Raspberry Colocation bei EDIS/Partitionen und Images
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Partitionen und Images
Prüfen einer gelieferten Karte
root@acca:/tmp# fdisk -l /dev/sdx Disk /dev/sdx: 64.4 GB, 64440238080 bytes 255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spur, 7834 Zylinder, zusammen 125859840 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Festplattenidentifikation: 0x00000000 Gerät boot. Anfang Ende Blöcke Id System /dev/sdx1 8192 125859839 62925824 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Leeren der SD Karte
Dies machen wir um
- vorher evtl noch vorhandene alte Daten sicher zu löschen
- um bei zukünftigen komprimierten Images Speicherplatz zu sparen
Achtung: Je nach installierten Laufwerken kann die Bezeichung /dev/sdx abweichen. Die folgenden Schritte können Daten des Systems zerstören. Im Zweifel vor jedem mit root Rechten schreibenden Kommando ein "dmesg |tail" oder "dmesg|grep sd" ausführen und kontrollieren, ob man auf dem richtigen Laufwerk arbeitet. Falls dmesg Zweifel lässt, das Ergebnis mit "fdisk -l /dev/sdX" (mit X für a, b, c usw) kontrollieren.
root@acca:/tmp# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=4M &
Das dauert jetzt etwas, man kann schauen wie weit es grade ist mit:
root@acca:/tmp# kill -USR1 %1 root@acca:/tmp# 309+0 Datensätze ein 309+0 Datensätze aus 1296039936 Bytes (1,3 GB) kopiert, 65,6308 s, 19,7 MB/s
Auspacken und Prüfen des Image Downloads
root@acca:/tmp# tar xfz 2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.tar.gz root@acca:/tmp# ls -l 2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 930086912 Okt 13 14:22 2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img
Nachschauen, welche Partitionen das Original Image verwendet
root@acca:/tmp# fdisk -l 2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img
Platte 2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img: 930 MByte, 930086912 Byte
255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spur, 113 Zylinder, zusammen 1816576 Sektoren
Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Festplattenidentifikation: 0x00088739
Gerät boot. Anfang Ende Blöcke Id System
2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img1 * 2048 155647 76800 b W95 FAT32
2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img2 155648 1816575 830464 83 Linux
Oder mit parted (mit Einheit Sektoren, damit man später präzise restaurieren, Partitionen ändern usw kann):
root@acca:/tmp# parted 2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img unit s print Modell: (file) Festplatte /tmp/2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img: 1816576s Sektorgröße (logisch/physisch): 512B/512B Partitionstabelle: msdos Nummer Anfang Ende Größe Typ Dateisystem Flags 1 2048s 155647s 153600s primary fat32 boot 2 155648s 1816575s 1660928s primary ext4
Kopieren des Images auf die Karte
root@acca:/tmp# dd if=2013-10-13-wheezy-minibian.img of=/dev/sdx bs=4M &
Achtung: Hiermit bekommt die SD Karte für den Kernel unerwartet eine neue Partitionierung, d.h. man sollte die Karte kurz Aus/Einstecken, damit der Kernel wieder ein konsistentes Bild hat. Achtung, dabei könnte sich die device Nummer ändern (z.B. aus /dev/sdx wird /dev/sdx).
Liste der Minibian Pakete
Eine um uninteressante Kandidaten gekürzte Liste aller auf der Distri vorhandenen Pakete bekommt man mit:
root@acca:/tmp# dpkg -l --admindir=/mnt/var/lib/dpkg |egrep -v '^ii lib\w+' |egrep -v '^ii python.?-\w+'
Gewünscht=Unbekannt/Installieren/R=Entfernen/P=Vollständig Löschen/Halten
| Status=Nicht/Installiert/Config/U=Entpackt/halb konFiguriert/
Halb installiert/Trigger erWartet/Trigger anhängig
|/ Fehler?=(kein)/R=Neuinstallation notwendig (Status, Fehler: GROSS=schlecht)
||/ Name Version Architektur Beschreibung
+++-===============================-=============================-============-==========================================================================
ii adduser 3.113+nmu3 all add and remove users and groups
ii apt 0.9.7.8+rpi1 armhf commandline package manager
ii apt-listchanges 2.85.11 all package change history notification tool
ii apt-utils 0.9.7.8+rpi1 armhf package managment related utility programs
ii aptitude 0.6.8.2-1 armhf terminal-based package manager
ii aptitude-common 0.6.8.2-1 all architecture indepedent files for the aptitude package manager
ii at 3.1.13-2 armhf Delayed job execution and batch processing
ii base-files 7.1wheezy1+rpi1 armhf Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.5.26 armhf Debian base system master password and group files
ii bash 4.2+dfsg-0.1 armhf GNU Bourne Again SHell
ii bash-completion 1:2.0-1 all programmable completion for the bash shell
ii bc 1.06.95-2 armhf The GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language
ii bind9-host 1:9.8.4.dfsg.P1-6+nmu2+deb7u1 armhf Version of 'host' bundled with BIND 9.X
ii bsd-mailx 8.1.2-0.20111106cvs-1 armhf simple mail user agent
ii bsdmainutils 9.0.3 armhf collection of more utilities from FreeBSD
ii bsdutils 1:2.20.1-5.3 armhf Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
ii bzip2 1.0.6-4 armhf high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities
ii ca-certificates 20130119 all Common CA certificates
ii console-setup 1.88 all console font and keymap setup program
ii console-setup-linux 1.88 all Linux specific part of console-setup
ii coreutils 8.13-3.5 armhf GNU core utilities
ii cpio 2.11+dfsg-0.1 armhf GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files
ii cron 3.0pl1-124 armhf process scheduling daemon
ii dash 0.5.7-3 armhf POSIX-compliant shell
ii db5.1-util 5.1.29-5 armhf Berkeley v5.1 Database Utilities
ii dc 1.06.95-2 armhf The GNU dc arbitrary precision reverse-polish calculator
ii debconf 1.5.49 all Debian configuration management system
ii debconf-i18n 1.5.49 all full internationalization support for debconf
ii debian-faq 5.0.1 all Debian FAQ
ii debianutils 4.3.2 armhf Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian
ii debsig-verify 0.8 armhf Debian Package Signature Verification Tool
ii dictionaries-common 1.12.11 all Common utilities for spelling dictionary tools
ii diffutils 1:3.2-6 armhf File comparison utilities
ii discover 2.1.2-5.2 armhf hardware identification system
ii discover-data 2.2010.10.18 all Data lists for Discover hardware detection system
ii dmsetup 2:1.02.74-7+rpi1 armhf Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
ii dnsutils 1:9.8.4.dfsg.P1-6+nmu2+deb7u1 armhf Clients provided with BIND
ii doc-debian 6.1 all Debian Project documentation and other documents
ii dosfstools 3.0.13-1 armhf utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems
ii dpkg 1.16.10 armhf Debian package management system
ii e2fslibs:armhf 1.42.5-1.1 armhf ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries
ii e2fsprogs 1.42.5-1.1 armhf ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities
ii elvis-tiny 1.4-23 armhf Tiny vi compatible editor for the base system
ii exim4 4.80-7 all metapackage to ease Exim MTA (v4) installation
ii exim4-base 4.80-7 armhf support files for all Exim MTA (v4) packages
ii exim4-config 4.80-7 all configuration for the Exim MTA (v4)
ii exim4-daemon-light 4.80-7 armhf lightweight Exim MTA (v4) daemon
ii fake-hwclock 0.5 all Save/restore system clock on machines without working RTC hardware
ii file 5.11-2 armhf Determines file type using "magic" numbers
ii findutils 4.4.2-4 armhf utilities for finding files--find, xargs
ii ftp 0.17-27 armhf classical file transfer client
ii gcc-4.5-base:armhf 4.5.3-12+rpi1 armhf The GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-4.6-base:armhf 4.6.3-14+rpi1 armhf GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-4.7-base:armhf 4.7.2-5+rpi1 armhf GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii geoip-database 20130213-1 all IP lookup command line tools that use the GeoIP library (country database)
ii gettext-base 0.18.1.1-9 armhf GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system
ii gnupg 1.4.12-7+deb7u2 armhf GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement
ii gpgv 1.4.12-7+deb7u2 armhf GNU privacy guard - signature verification tool
ii grep 2.12-2 armhf GNU grep, egrep and fgrep
ii groff-base 1.21-9 armhf GNU troff text-formatting system (base system components)
ii gzip 1.5-1.1 armhf GNU compression utilities
ii hostname 3.11 armhf utility to set/show the host name or domain name
ii iamerican 3.3.02-6 all American English dictionary for ispell (standard version)
ii ibritish 3.3.02-6 all British English dictionary for ispell (standard version)
ii icelib 1.0.15636 armhf ICELib offers enhanced capabilities for apps and games.
ii icelib-dev 1.0.15267 armhf ICELib-dev offers gives the developers.
ii ienglish-common 3.3.02-6 all Common files for British and American ispell dictionaries
ii ifupdown 0.7.8 armhf high level tools to configure network interfaces
ii info 4.13a.dfsg.1-10 armhf Standalone GNU Info documentation browser
ii initramfs-tools 0.109.1 all generic modular initramfs generator
ii initscripts 2.88dsf-41 armhf scripts for initializing and shutting down the system
ii insserv 1.14.0-5 armhf boot sequence organizer using LSB init.d script dependency information
ii install-info 4.13a.dfsg.1-10 armhf Manage installed documentation in info format
ii installation-report 2.49 all system installation report
ii iproute 20120521-3 armhf networking and traffic control tools
ii iptables 1.4.14-3.1 armhf administration tools for packet filtering and NAT
ii iputils-ping 3:20101006-1 armhf Tools to test the reachability of network hosts
ii isc-dhcp-client 4.2.2.dfsg.1-5+deb70u6 armhf ISC DHCP client
ii isc-dhcp-common 4.2.2.dfsg.1-5+deb70u6 armhf common files used by all the isc-dhcp* packages
ii iso-codes 3.41-1 all ISO language, territory, currency, script codes and their translations
ii ispell 3.3.02-6 armhf International Ispell (an interactive spelling corrector)
ii kbd 1.15.3-9 armhf Linux console font and keytable utilities
ii keyboard-configuration 1.88 all system-wide keyboard preferences
ii klibc-utils 2.0.1-3.1+rpi1 armhf small utilities built with klibc for early boot
ii kmod 9-3 armhf tools for managing Linux kernel modules
ii krb5-locales 1.10.1+dfsg-5+deb7u1 all Internationalization support for MIT Kerberos
ii less 444-4 armhf pager program similar to more
ii linux-libc-dev:armhf 3.2.46-1+rpi1 armhf Linux support headers for userspace development
ii locales 2.13-38+rpi2 all Embedded GNU C Library: National Language (locale) data [support]
ii login 1:4.1.5.1-1 armhf system login tools
ii logrotate 3.8.1-4 armhf Log rotation utility
ii lsb-base 4.1+Debian8+rpi1 all Linux Standard Base 4.1 init script functionality
ii lsb-release 4.1+Debian8+rpi1 all Linux Standard Base version reporting utility
ii lsof 4.86+dfsg-1 armhf Utility to list open files
ii m4 1.4.16-3 armhf a macro processing language
ii make 3.81-8.2 armhf An utility for Directing compilation.
ii makedev 2.3.1-92 all creates device files in /dev
ii man-db 2.6.2-1 armhf on-line manual pager
ii manpages 3.44-1 all Manual pages about using a GNU/Linux system
ii mawk 1.3.3-17 armhf a pattern scanning and text processing language
ii mime-support 3.52-1 all MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs
ii mlocate 0.23.1-1 armhf quickly find files on the filesystem based on their name
ii mount 2.20.1-5.3 armhf Tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
ii mountall 2.46 armhf filesystem mounting tool
ii multiarch-support 2.13-38+rpi2 armhf Transitional package to ensure multiarch compatibility
ii mutt 1.5.21-6.2 armhf text-based mailreader supporting MIME, GPG, PGP and threading
ii nano 2.2.6-1 armhf small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
ii ncurses-base 5.9-10 all basic terminal type definitions
ii ncurses-bin 5.9-10 armhf terminal-related programs and man pages
ii ncurses-term 5.9-10 all additional terminal type definitions
ii net-tools 1.60-24.2 armhf The NET-3 networking toolkit
ii netbase 5.0 all Basic TCP/IP networking system
ii netcat-openbsd 1.105-7 armhf TCP/IP swiss army knife
ii netcat-traditional 1.10-40 armhf TCP/IP swiss army knife
ii nfs-common 1:1.2.6-4 armhf NFS support files common to client and server
ii ntp 1:4.2.6.p5+dfsg-2 armhf Network Time Protocol daemon and utility programs
ii openssh-blacklist 0.4.1+nmu1 all list of default blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys
ii openssh-blacklist-extra 0.4.1+nmu1 all list of non-default blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys
ii openssh-client 1:6.0p1-4 armhf secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
ii openssh-server 1:6.0p1-4 armhf secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
ii openssl 1.0.1e-2+rpi1 armhf Secure Socket Layer (SSL) binary and related cryptographic tools
ii passwd 1:4.1.5.1-1 armhf change and administer password and group data
ii patch 2.6.1-3 armhf Apply a diff file to an original
ii pciutils 1:3.1.9-6 armhf Linux PCI Utilities
ii perl 5.14.2-21+rpi2 armhf Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language
ii perl-base 5.14.2-21+rpi2 armhf minimal Perl system
ii perl-modules 5.14.2-21+rpi2 all Core Perl modules
ii plymouth 0.8.5.1-5 armhf Graphical Boot Animation and Logger
ii procmail 3.22-20 armhf Versatile e-mail processor
ii procps 1:3.3.3-3 armhf /proc file system utilities
ii psmisc 22.19-1+deb7u1 armhf utilities that use the proc file system
ii python 2.7.3-4 all interactive high-level object-oriented language (default version)
ii python2.6 2.6.8-1.1 armhf Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.6)
ii python2.6-minimal 2.6.8-1.1 armhf Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.6)
ii python2.7 2.7.3-6 armhf Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
ii python2.7-minimal 2.7.3-6 armhf Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii raspberrypi-bootloader 1.20130902-1 armhf Raspberry Pi bootloader
ii raspbian-archive-keyring 20120528.2 all GnuPG archive keys of the raspbian archive
ii raspi-copies-and-fills 0.4-1 armhf Optimised memcpy/memset implementation for ARM11 used in Raspberry Pi
ii readline-common 6.2+dfsg-0.1 all GNU readline and history libraries, common files
ii reportbug 6.4.4 all reports bugs in the Debian distribution
ii rpcbind 0.2.0-8 armhf converts RPC program numbers into universal addresses
ii rsyslog 5.8.11-3 armhf reliable system and kernel logging daemon
ii sed 4.2.1-10 armhf The GNU sed stream editor
ii sensible-utils 0.0.7 all Utilities for sensible alternative selection
ii sgml-base 1.26+nmu4 all SGML infrastructure and SGML catalog file support
ii sysv-rc 2.88dsf-41 all System-V-like runlevel change mechanism
ii sysvinit 2.88dsf-41 armhf System-V-like init utilities
ii sysvinit-utils 2.88dsf-41 armhf System-V-like utilities
ii tar 1.26+dfsg-0.1 armhf GNU version of the tar archiving utility
ii task-english 3.14.1 all General English environment
ii task-ssh-server 3.14.1 all SSH server
ii tasksel 3.14.1 all Tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian systems
ii tasksel-data 3.14.1 all Official tasks used for installation of Debian systems
ii tcpd 7.6.q-24 armhf Wietse Venema's TCP wrapper utilities
ii telnet 0.17-36 armhf The telnet client
ii texinfo 4.13a.dfsg.1-10 armhf Documentation system for on-line information and printed output
ii time 1.7-24 armhf GNU time program for measuring CPU resource usage
ii traceroute 1:2.0.18-3 armhf Traces the route taken by packets over an IPv4/IPv6 network
ii tzdata 2013c-0wheezy1 all time zone and daylight-saving time data
ii ucf 3.0025+nmu3 all Update Configuration File: preserve user changes to config files.
ii udev 175-7.2 armhf /dev/ and hotplug management daemon
ii usbutils 1:005-3 armhf Linux USB utilities
ii util-linux 2.20.1-5.3 armhf Miscellaneous system utilities
ii util-linux-locales 2.20.1-5.3 all Locales files for util-linux
ii vacation 3.3.0-0.4 armhf email autoresponder
ii vim-common 2:7.3.547-7 armhf Vi IMproved - Common files
ii vim-tiny 2:7.3.547-7 armhf Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version
ii w3m 0.5.3-8 armhf WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support
ii wamerican 7.1-1 all American English dictionary words for /usr/share/dict
ii wget 1.13.4-3 armhf retrieves files from the web
ii whiptail 0.52.14-11.1 armhf Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts
ii whois 5.0.23 armhf intelligent WHOIS client
ii xauth 1:1.0.7-1 armhf X authentication utility
ii xkb-data 2.5.1-3 all X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data
ii xml-core 0.13+nmu2 all XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support
ii xz-utils 5.1.1alpha+20120614-2 armhf XZ-format compression utilities
ii zlib1g:armhf 1:1.2.7.dfsg-13 armhf compression library - runtime
ii zlib1g-dev:armhf 1:1.2.7.dfsg-13 armhf compression library - development
Vergrössern der Root Partition
Im Originalzustand sind auf der Root Partition noch ca. 220MB frei. Das ist etwas knapp für den Fall, dass wir viel Software installieren und/oder wir etwas vergessen auf andere Partitionen auszulagern, was dann schnell anwächst und das System möglicherweise blockiert.
Hier wählen wir eine Größe von 4GB, repartitionieren und lassen das Filesystem anwachsen:
root@acca:/tmp# umount /mnt root@acca:/tmp# parted /dev/sdx print Modell: Multiple Card Reader (scsi) Festplatte /dev/sdx: 64,4GB Sektorgröße (logisch/physisch): 512B/512B Partitionstabelle: msdos Nummer Anfang Ende Größe Typ Dateisystem Flags 1 1049kB 79,7MB 78,6MB primary fat32 boot 2 79,7MB 930MB 850MB primary ext4 root@acca:/tmp# parted /dev/sdx resizepart 2 4000MB Informationen: Möglicherweise müssen Sie /etc/fstab anpassen. root@acca:/tmp# parted /dev/sdx print Modell: Multiple Card Reader (scsi) Festplatte /dev/sdx: 64,4GB Sektorgröße (logisch/physisch): 512B/512B Partitionstabelle: msdos Nummer Anfang Ende Größe Typ Dateisystem Flags 1 1049kB 79,7MB 78,6MB primary fat32 boot 2 79,7MB 4000MB 3920MB primary ext4 root@acca:/tmp# resize2fs /dev/sdx2 resize2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013) Bitte zuerst „e2fsck -f /dev/sdx2“ laufen lassen. root@acca:/tmp# e2fsck -f /dev/sdx2 e2fsck 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013) Durchgang 1: Prüfe Inodes, Blocks und Größen Durchgang 2: Prüfe die Verzeichnisstruktur Durchgang 3: Prüfe Verzeichnis-Verknüpfungen Durchgang 4: Überprüfe die Referenzzähler Durchgang 5: Überprüfe die zusammengefasste Gruppeninformation /dev/sdx2: 30506/51968 Dateien (0.1% nicht zusammenhängend), 136474/207616 Blöcke root@acca:/tmp# resize2fs /dev/sdx2 resize2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013) Die Grösse des Dateisystems auf /dev/sdx2 wird auf 957106 (4k) Blöcke geändert. Das Dateisystem auf /dev/sdx2 ist nun 957106 Blöcke groß.
Bootloader
Damit man das Image des Sticks baukastenartig zusammenbauen kann, macht es Sinn, den Bootloader und die Partitionen getrennt voneinander zu behandeln.
Bootloader lesen:
dd if=/dev/sdx bs=446 count=1 of=rpi_bootsector.bin
Bootloader schreiben:
dd of=/dev/sdx bs=446 count=1 if=rpi_bootsector.bin